Choropleth Maps

http://www.eps.mq.edu.au/courses/GEOS219/images/deaths.jpg

A choropleth map is a type of thematic map. Areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the variable being displayed. There are many different types of choropleth maps, all having different ways of portraying the variable. This choropleth map shows the deaths per 1000 live births in Australia. The deaths are represented by the shading, the darker the shading, the higher the death rate is and vice versa.

Hypsometric Maps

http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000423/jpg/am423--142a.jpg

A Hypsometric map is a topographic map that portrays the different ranges of elevation with different shades of a color. The relief of an area is shaded in relevance to it's height. For example, in this topographic map of Maryland, you can see that the higher parts of elevation are located in the west of the state, because the darker the shade, the higher the elevation.

Unclassed Choropleth Maps

http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/visual/casestud/dykes/figure9.gif

An Unclassed Choropleth map portrays it's data values by shading. An unclassed choropleth map does not break down the information into intervals. Instead of knowing the exact numeric data, you have to analyze the map on its shading. The darker the shading, the higher the numeric value is, and the lower the numeric value is, the softer the shading will be.

Classed Choropleth Maps

http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/map-AmFact-4eqint-orange-80pct.jpg

A Classed Choropleth map is a type of choropleth map that portrays information that is classified and broken down into different intervals. This map's information is classified and broken down into 4 intervals of ages.

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://informationandvisualization.de/files/parallel_curves_m.jpg

A parallel coordinate graph is a graph that plots all the points of data set on one single graph. By doing this, it is easy to understand and compare the distribution of data. From this parallel coordinate graph it is easy to see information about the data set for example, the highest and lowest value points .

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

http://geographyfieldwork.com/Choropleth2.gif

A Continuously variable proportional circle map utilizes circles to portray the size of the value point. A circle will be proportional to the size of the data for a specific variable. Sometimes, information can be given within the circle, like this map above.

Black & White Aerial Photo

http://www.flahumforms.org/FloridaDream/images/Thumbnails/1959-Destin-on-NW-Florida-C.jpg

Black and white photos give a unique look to areas and images. Black and white infrared film is sensitive to a specific light spectrum and have a high sensitivity to blue light wavelengths. Black and white photos are usually shot at weddings, for landscape, and for art. This image is a black and white picture of Destin, Fl.

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://www.krisweb.com/krissheepscot/krisdb/html/krisweb/watershed/sanrafael_nasa.jpg

An Infrared aerial photo is a photo taken by Infrared Aerial Photography. An Infrared aerial photo is a photo taken off of ground level and not standing on anything (usually by plane or satellite). An Infrared film is sensitive to a particular spectrum of light. An Infrared aerial photo can be anything from photos of river deltas, roofs of buildings, the top of a rain forest and etc. An Infrared aerial photo can help educate people with problems by producing images such as the ice melting in the Arctic, the erosion of land, and problems with deforestation.

PLSS Maps

http://www.nationalcad.org/onlineed/standard/mn-exmp2.gif

PLSS, the Public Land Survey System, is a method used to identify public land parcels. The Federal Government can utilize the PLSS to survey the land and be able to distinguish where distribute agriculture or anything else on it.This map is Minnesota's PLSS Base map.

Isoline Maps

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_mexico/mean_annual_precipitaion.jpg

An Isoline map utilizes isolines to depict information about a specific variable. An isoline is a line that connects around points of equal value. This Isoline map portrays the mean annual precipitation using isolines.

Bilateral Graph

http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2008/feb/images/aug-twi-aus-dol-graph4.gif

A Bilateral Graph is a graph that represents more than one variable. A Bilateral Graph can be portrayed by many different types of graphs, from line graphs to bar graphs. In this Bilateral Graph, the two variables that are being compared are the Nominal TWI and ATWI are represented by a red and blue line.

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

http://www.neiu.edu/~jrthomas/377/circle.jpg

A Range Graded Proportional Circle map is a type of Proportional Circle map. A Range Graded Proportional map represents the range of the data by the size of the circle. For example, in this map of Mexican population, you can see that the states of California and Texas have the largest population of Mexicans in the west by the size of the circles compared to the other states'!

Bivariate Choropleth Maps

http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc99/proceed/papers/pap171/p1715.jpg

A Bivariate Choropleth map portrays two variables on a single map. For example, this map represents the population of 1997 (with the color) and it also represents the median house value (by the dots).

Univariate choropleth maps

http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/images/07_0091_02.gif

A Univariate Choropleth map portrays a map representing one specific variable. This map is an example of a Univariate Choropleth map because it represents one specific variable, the percentage of people in poverty in America.

Unstandardized Choropleth Maps

http://www.nass.usda.gov/research/atlas02/Crops/Hay%20and%20Forage%20Crops%20Harvested/Forage%20-%20Land%20Used%20for%20All%20Hay%20and%20All%20Haylage,%20Grass%20Silage,%20and%20Greenchop,%20Harvested%20Acres%202002-choropleth%20map.gif

An Unstandardized Choropleth map utilizes data that has not been averaged and is just random data points. An Unstandardized Choropleth map is not very useful because the numbers are not based on averages and are portrayed as an unorganized data group. In this map, the numbers are not averaged, the values are at random.

Standardized choropleth maps

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/USA_states_population_density_map.PNG/800px-USA_states_population_density_map.PNG

A map has to be standardized in order to have information to compare it too. A Standardized Choropleth map standardizes information, such as population per square mile, in order to have comparisons of the distributed data. This map is standardized because it calculates the population per square miles in order to be able to compare the distribution of the data.

Nominal Choropleth Maps

https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/courses/geog482/graphics/citationexample.jpg

A Nominal Choropleth Map is a choropleth map portraying information by using nominal data. For example, this Nominal Choropleth map shows each the percent of minority groups each state has. From this map, you can see that most states have a high amount of Hispanic minority groups.

LIDAR

http://www.wy.nrcs.usda.gov/wygis/Lidar.gif

LIDAR, also known as Light Detection And Ranging, is a remote sensing system used to collect information of topographic features. A LIDAR measures scattered light to find information of a specific feature. Many fields of study utilize LIDAR, such as geography, geology, geomorphology and etc.

Correlation Matrix

http://www.kltprc.net/policynotes/Gifs/Tab_005A_4.gif

A Correlation Matrix shows the correlation between two variables. A Correlation Matrix is represented by square symmetrical (MxM). A Correlation Matrix of often used in statistics.

Similarity Matrix

http://tomcat.esat.kuleuven.be/txtgate/images/distmat.png

A Similarity Matrix is a matrix of values that show the similarity between 2 value points. When there is a higher score, there are more similar characters and when there is a lower score, there are more different characteristics. With a higher score (more similar characteristics) there is a higher value between the two data points, and vice versa.